Yes, in California, a landlord can evict a tenant immediately in limited circumstances. If a fixed term lease expires and the property is not subject to rent control or just cause eviction laws, the landlord may proceed without providing additional notice beyond the lease ending.
For most other eviction reasons, landlords must provide written notice before moving forward. This typically includes at least a 3 day notice for nonpayment of rent or lease violations. In some situations, such as no fault evictions or longer term tenancies, 30 or 60 day notices may be required. In all cases, the landlord must still follow the formal court eviction process and cannot remove a tenant without a court order.
The information for this answer was found on our California Eviction Process answers.